Conclusions That Convince, Not Overclaim: Hedging Phrases for Abstract Conclusions in Medical Journals

Worried your abstract’s last line sounds bolder than your data? This lesson shows you how to hedge with precision—so your Conclusion convinces reviewers without overclaiming. You’ll learn journal-aligned wording, swap risky verbs for calibrated alternatives, and apply templates for JAMIA, Lancet Digital Health, and Nature Digital Medicine. Expect clear explanations, real-world examples, and targeted exercises (MCQs, fill‑in‑the‑blanks, error fixes) to translate your RWE or clinical NLP results into publishable, defensible Conclusions.